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The growing global demand for renewable energy has led to the widespread deployment of photovoltaic (PV) systems, where cable integrity plays a vital role in ensuring operational safety and efficiency. Faults in PV cables, such as insulation degradation, short circuits, open circuits, and ground faults, can significantly affect power generation and pose risks such as fire or electrocution. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various fault detection methods for photovoltaic cables, ranging from conventional inspection techniques to advanced data-driven and AI-based approaches. The aim is to highlight the strengths, limitations, and practical applicability of each method in diverse operational environments, offering researchers and engineers a clear perspective on current advancements and potential future directions.